* Balancing: A primary goal in engine design is to minimize vibrations. A V-angle allows for better inherent balance of reciprocating forces. The firing forces of the pistons in a V-engine are offset against each other to some degree, reducing the overall shaking experienced by the engine block. A 90-degree V-engine, for example, is relatively easy to balance. Other angles, like 60° (common in V6 and V12 engines), also provide good balance, albeit requiring potentially more complex counter-balancing systems.
* Packaging: The V-configuration allows for a more compact engine layout compared to an inline engine with the same number of cylinders. This reduces the overall length of the engine, making it suitable for vehicles where space is at a premium. The angle allows the cylinders to fit within a more confined space.
* Manufacturing Considerations: A V-configuration can be simpler to manufacture than other multi-cylinder arrangements, especially for certain cylinder counts. The crankshaft design and the casting of the cylinder block are simplified by sharing a crankcase between banks.
* Exhaust and Intake Manifold Design: The V-angle influences the design of the exhaust and intake manifolds. A suitable angle can allow for more efficient routing of these systems, minimizing pressure losses and improving engine breathing.
* Torque Characteristics: The specific V-angle influences torque delivery and the engine's overall power curve. Certain angles might contribute to smoother power delivery than others.
In summary, the V-angle is a compromise between many design factors, not just one. The chosen angle is a result of optimization across balance, packaging, manufacturing, and performance goals. Each angle (60°, 90°, etc.) presents different trade-offs among these factors.
