* Clogged Fuel Filter: This is the most common and easiest to check. A clogged filter restricts fuel flow, even if the pump is working. Replace the fuel filter.
* Clogged Fuel Injectors: If the filter is clean, the injectors might be clogged or malfunctioning. They could be spraying insufficient fuel, or not spraying at all. This often requires professional cleaning or replacement.
* Low Fuel Pressure Regulator: The fuel pressure regulator controls the pressure in the fuel rail. A faulty regulator could be leaking pressure, preventing sufficient fuel from reaching the injectors.
* Fuel Pump (despite priming): While you hear the pump, it might be weak or failing. Even though it primes, it may not be producing enough pressure to overcome restrictions further down the line. A pressure gauge test is needed to confirm this.
* Problems in the Fuel Rail: Rarely, there could be a blockage or leak within the fuel rail itself.
* Faulty Fuel Pump Relay: It's less likely if you hear the pump prime, but a weak relay *could* still be preventing the pump from delivering full pressure.
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Check the fuel filter: This is the quickest and cheapest fix. Replace it if it's dirty or old.
2. Check the fuel pressure: Use a fuel pressure gauge to measure the pressure at the fuel rail. This requires a specific gauge and adapter fitting for your car's make and model. Compare your reading to the manufacturer's specifications. Low pressure confirms a problem downstream of the pump.
3. Inspect the fuel lines: Look for any visible cracks, kinks, or leaks in the fuel lines.
4. Check for codes: Use an OBD-II scanner to check for any diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) that might offer clues.
Important Safety Note: Gasoline is highly flammable. Be extremely cautious when working around the fuel system. Turn off the ignition, disconnect the battery's negative terminal, and ensure good ventilation. If you're not comfortable working on your fuel system, take your car to a qualified mechanic. Ignoring this issue could lead to further damage or even fire.