* The make and model of the vehicle: This is crucial. Different manufacturers use different casting numbers, and even within a manufacturer, the same casting number could span multiple years.
* The engine type: Knowing whether it's a V8, V6, inline-4, etc., significantly narrows down the possibilities.
* Additional markings on the engine: There might be other numbers or codes stamped on the engine block or its components that indicate the year.
With that additional information, you could consult a vehicle identification number (VIN) decoder, a parts catalog for the specific vehicle, or an engine identification guide specific to the make and model.