1. Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor Malfunction: The engine coolant temperature sensor (ECT) sends signals to the engine control unit (ECU) about the temperature of the coolant. If the sensor is faulty, it may send incorrect readings to the ECU, causing the fan to run continuously.
2. Cooling Fan Relay Issue: The cooling fan relay controls the operation of the radiator fan. If the relay is stuck in the "on" position, it can cause the fan to run even when the ignition is off.
3. Wiring Problems: Short circuits or damaged wiring in the fan control circuit can lead to the fan running constantly.
4. ECU Software Glitch: In rare cases, a software glitch in the ECU can cause the fan to remain spinning after the key is turned off.
5. After-Run Function: Some vehicles are designed with an after-run function that keeps the fan running for a short period after the engine is turned off to help cool the engine down.
If the radiator fan is continuously running when the key is not on the ignition, it's recommended to have it diagnosed by a qualified mechanic or automotive technician to identify and fix the underlying issue.