1. Fuel Preparation:
- Coal: Coal is crushed into a fine powder to increase its surface area for efficient combustion.
- Natural Gas: Natural gas is typically supplied as a high-pressure gas and does not require significant preparation.
- Oil: Oil undergoes a refining process to produce various grades of fuel oil suitable for power generation.
2. Combustion:
- The prepared fossil fuel is burned in a boiler or a combustion chamber.
- The combustion process releases heat energy and produces hot gases.
3. Steam Generation:
- The heat generated in the combustion process is used to convert water into steam.
- Boilers are used to heat water and generate high-pressure steam.
4. Steam Turbine:
- The high-pressure steam from the boiler is directed to a steam turbine.
- The steam expands and flows through the turbine blades, causing them to rotate.
5. Generator:
- The rotating turbine shaft is connected to an electrical generator.
- As the turbine spins, it generates mechanical energy, which is converted into electrical energy by the generator.
6. Cooling:
- After passing through the turbine, the steam is condensed back into water in a condenser.
- Cooling water from a nearby river, lake, or cooling tower is used to cool the steam.
7. Transmission:
- The electrical energy generated by the power plant is transmitted to consumers through an extensive network of power lines.
- Voltage levels are adjusted as needed to efficiently transmit electricity over long distances.
Throughout the process, various systems and technologies are employed to control and monitor the combustion process, steam conditions, and overall efficiency of the power plant. Fossil fuel power plants also incorporate pollution control measures to minimize the release of harmful pollutants into the environment.
