* Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas that is toxic to humans. It can cause headaches, nausea, dizziness, and even death.
* Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are a group of gases that can contribute to smog and acid rain. They can also irritate the respiratory system and cause respiratory problems such as asthma.
* Hydrocarbons (HC) are unburned fuel that escapes from the engine. They can contribute to smog and also react with other pollutants to form harmful compounds such as ozone.
* Particulate matter (PM) refers to small particles of soot, dust, and other pollutants that are emitted from the engine. They can irritate the respiratory system and cause respiratory problems such as bronchitis and lung cancer.
In addition to these pollutants, exhaust fumes can also contain other harmful substances such as lead, benzene, and formaldehyde. These substances can have various adverse effects on human health, including cancer, reproductive problems, and developmental disorders.
Therefore, it is important to ensure that vehicles are properly maintained and emission control systems are functioning properly to minimize the release of harmful exhaust fumes into the environment.
