- Biofuels: These are liquid fuels derived from plant matter, such as ethanol (from sugarcane or corn), biodiesel (from vegetable oils), and biojet fuel (from algae or plant oils).
- Electric: Electricity generated from renewable sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric can power electric vehicles, using a battery to store the electricity.
- Hydrogen: Hydrogen can be produced from various sources including electrolysis of water or from fossil fuels. Hydrogen fuel cells combine hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity and water.
- Natural Gas: Natural gas, primarily composed of methane, is a fossil fuel but is considered an alternative fuel because it produces fewer emissions than gasoline or diesel.
- Propane: Propane, a hydrocarbon gas, is commonly used for heating and cooking but can also be used as an alternative transportation fuel.
- Methanol: Methanol is an alcohol-based fuel that can be produced from natural gas or coal.
- Ethanol Blends: Ethanol can be blended with gasoline in various proportions, commonly E10 (10% ethanol and 90% gasoline) or E85 (85% ethanol and 15% gasoline).
- Synthetic Fuels: These fuels are created from the chemical conversion of synthesis gas (a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide), which can be derived from various sources like coal, natural gas, or biomass.
- Ammonia: While still in development, ammonia can potentially serve as a hydrogen carrier and can be used in combustion engines or fuel cells.
These are some examples of alternative fuels, but there are ongoing efforts to explore and develop new fuel technologies and improve the efficiency and sustainability of existing alternatives.
