1. Jet Fuel:
- Jet fuel is primarily used in turbine engines found in jet aircraft and some large propeller-driven airplanes.
- Compositions: Aviation kerosene (Jet A-1) or Naphtha-based (Jet B).
- Jet A-1: Widely used, kerosene-based Jet Fuel, clear or straw-colored.
- Jet B: A petroleum distillate blend of Naphtha and kerosene fractions, less commonly used.
- Jet Fuel Requirements:
- High Flash Point (>38°C / 100.4°F): To minimize flammability risk.
- High Thermal Stability: Ensures efficient combustion and reduces deposit formation.
- Low-Temperature Operability: To maintain fluidity in cold climatic conditions.
- Anti-icing Additives: Prevent fuel line freezing at high altitudes.
2. Aviation Gasoline (Avgas):
- Avgas is used in piston-engine aircraft, smaller, and older aircraft models.
- Compositions: Mixtures of various hydrocarbons, primarily 100 low-lead (100LL).
- 100LL: Most common Avgas, contains Tetraethyl lead as an anti-knock agent.
- Due to environmental concerns over Lead emissions, 100LL is being phased out and replaced with unleaded fuels like UL94 and G100UL.
- Avgas Requirements:
- High Octane Rating: Typically 100 or higher, crucial for preventing engine knocking.
- Low Vapor Pressure: Ensures safe handling and reduces evaporation losses.
- Color Dye: Avgas is dyed to differentiate it from Jet Fuel and automotive gasoline.
