* Insufficient coolant
* Improper coolant mixture (too much water, not enough antifreeze)
* Faulty radiator cap
* Blocked or damaged thermostat
* Faulty water pump
* Internal engine issues (e.g. blown head gasket, cracked engine block)
> _Troubleshooting steps:_
>
> • _Check the coolant level._ Open the radiator cap (when engine is cold) and inspect the level of coolant. If it's low, refill it with the proper coolant mixture ( refer to your vehicle's owner's manual).
>
> • _Inspect the coolant mixture._ Ensure the coolant mixture contains the correct ratio of antifreeze and water. Too much water can cause the coolant to boil and overflow.
>
> • _Examine the radiator cap._ Check the radiator cap for any damage or cracks. A faulty cap can allow coolant to leak or may not hold pressure properly.
>
> • _Verify the thermostat._ The thermostat controls the flow of coolant to and from the radiator. A stuck thermostat (closed) can prevent coolant from circulating properly, causing the engine to overheat.
>
> • _Check the water pump._ The water pump circulates coolant through the engine block and radiator. If the water pump is damaged or faulty, it can affect coolant flow and cause overheating.
>
> • _Look for internal engine issues._ If there is a blown head gasket or a cracked engine block, combustion gasses can leak into the cooling system, causing overheating and pressurizing the cooling system, making the radiator cap cold while the engine is still hot.
>
> ### _Note:_
>
> If the vehicle is overheating and the radiator cap is cold, it is important to safely pull over and turn off the engine. Continuing to drive can cause significant engine damage.
