* Low air intake: A clogged air filter or restricted air intake can cause the engine to run rich, which will produce black smoke.
* Over-fueling: If the fuel injector pump is delivering too much fuel, the engine will run rich and produce black smoke.
* Faulty turbocharger: A faulty turbocharger can also cause the engine to run rich and produce black smoke.
* Fuel quality: Poor-quality fuel can also cause black smoke on a Cummins engine.
If you see black smoke coming from your Cummins engine, it's important to have it checked out by a qualified technician as soon as possible to identify the cause of the problem and have it repaired.