1. Charging Voltage: When the alternator is actively charging the battery, the voltage output typically ranges from 13.8 volts to 14.7 volts. This voltage level is necessary to recharge the battery and provide power to the electrical components in the vehicle.
2. Float Voltage: Once the battery is fully charged, the alternator enters a "float" state, where it maintains a slightly lower voltage to preserve the battery's lifespan. This float voltage usually stays around 13.8 volts.
3. Low Voltage: If the voltage output from the alternator drops below 13.8 volts, it indicates that the alternator may not be charging the battery properly. This can be caused by various issues, such as a faulty voltage regulator, worn brushes, or a slipping drive belt.
4. High Voltage: Voltage exceeding 14.7 volts is generally considered high and can cause damage to electrical components in the vehicle, including the battery, lights, and electronic control units (ECUs). High voltage can result from a malfunctioning voltage regulator or other electrical issues.
5. System Voltage: The voltage at the battery terminals should ideally match the alternator's output voltage when the vehicle is running and the electrical load is minimal. This ensures that the battery is receiving proper charging and all electrical components are operating within their specified voltage ranges.
It's important to note that these voltage ranges can vary slightly depending on the specific vehicle and its electrical system design.
