What is the function of engine oil pump?

An engine oil pump is a mechanical device that circulates engine oil under pressure to the various parts of an internal combustion engine. Its primary function is to ensure that a continuous supply of clean, pressurized oil reaches the engine's moving components, such as the crankshaft, camshaft, piston rings, and valve train, to reduce friction, minimize wear, and provide cooling. The oil pump is responsible for maintaining the proper oil pressure within the engine's lubrication system.

Here's a detailed explanation of the function of an engine oil pump:

1. Oil Reservoir: The engine oil pump draws oil from the oil pan or oil reservoir, which is located at the bottom of the engine. The oil pan acts as a storage tank for the engine oil.

2. Oil Intake: The oil pump has an inlet port that allows oil to enter the pump from the oil pan. This inlet is usually equipped with a strainer or filter to prevent debris and contaminants from entering the pump.

3. Pumping Mechanism: Inside the oil pump, there is a pumping mechanism that creates pressure and moves the oil. Common types of oil pumps include gear pumps, vane pumps, and gerotor pumps. These pumps use rotating gears, vanes, or a combination of both to create suction and force the oil through the system.

4. Oil Pressure Regulation: The oil pump maintains a specific oil pressure within the engine. Most engines have a pressure relief valve or bypass valve to regulate oil pressure. When the oil pressure exceeds a predetermined level, the pressure relief valve opens, allowing excess oil to return to the oil pan.

5. Oil Distribution: The pressurized oil is then distributed throughout the engine through oil galleries, which are channels or passages within the engine block and cylinder head. These oil galleries direct the oil to various lubrication points, such as the main bearings, connecting rod bearings, camshaft bearings, and piston rings.

6. Cooling and Cleaning: As the oil circulates through the engine, it helps cool down the components by absorbing and dissipating heat. It also carries away dirt, metal shavings, and other contaminants, which are then trapped in the oil filter.

7. Oil Filter: Before returning to the oil pan, the oil passes through an oil filter, which removes harmful particles and contaminants. This ensures that clean oil is circulated throughout the engine.

In summary, the engine oil pump is a vital component of an internal combustion engine. It ensures that a continuous supply of clean, pressurized oil is circulated throughout the engine, reducing friction, minimizing wear, providing cooling, and removing contaminants. Proper maintenance and regular oil changes are essential to ensure the longevity and optimal performance of an engine.