Here's a simplified explanation of how a turbocharger works:
1. Exhaust Gas Inlet: The turbocharger has a turbine wheel located at the exhaust gas outlet of the engine. As the exhaust gases flow through the turbine wheel, they cause it to spin rapidly.
2. Compressor Wheel: The turbocharger also has a compressor wheel located on the same shaft as the turbine wheel. As the turbine wheel spins, it drives the compressor wheel through the shaft.
3. Air Intake: The compressor wheel draws in air from the atmosphere through an air intake.
4. Compressed Air: The compressor wheel compresses the incoming air, increasing its pressure and density.
5. Charge Air Cooler (Intercooler): In some turbocharged engines, an intercooler is used to cool down the compressed air. This helps to increase the air density further and reduces the risk of engine knocking.
6. Intake Manifold: The compressed air from the turbocharger (or intercooler) is then directed into the engine's intake manifold.
7. Increased Airflow: The increased air pressure and density provided by the turbocharger allows more air to enter the engine's cylinders.
8. More Efficient Combustion: With more air available, the engine can inject and burn more fuel, resulting in more efficient combustion and increased power output.
9. Boost Pressure: The difference between the compressed air pressure and the ambient atmospheric pressure is referred to as the "boost pressure." The amount of boost pressure determines the extent to which the engine's power is increased.
It's important to note that turbochargers are often combined with other engine modifications and additional systems, such as fuel injection and engine management systems, to achieve optimal performance and efficiency.
