1. Power Source: An arc welder uses a power source, typically a welding transformer or power converter, to provide the necessary electrical current for the welding process.
2. Electrode Holder and Electrode: The welder holds an electrode holder that grips a welding electrode, which is a consumable metal rod that conducts electricity and melts during the welding process.
3. Arc Creation: The welder brings the electrode close to the metal surface to be welded, creating a gap. When the welding circuit is completed, an electric arc forms between the electrode and the metal, generating intense heat.
4. Melting of Base Metals: The heat from the arc melts the electrode tip and fuses it with the base metal, forming a molten weld pool.
5. Weld Formation: The welder moves the electrode along the joint, guiding the molten weld pool and allowing it to solidify, creating a strong weld between the two metal pieces.
6. Shielding Gas (if applicable): Some arc welding processes use a shielding gas, such as argon, helium, or carbon dioxide, to protect the molten weld pool from the surrounding atmosphere and prevent oxidation or contamination.
7. Slag Formation (if applicable): During the welding process, a layer of slag (non-metallic impurities and oxides) may form on the surface of the weld pool. This slag is usually removed by chipping or brushing after the weld cools.
Overall, an arc welder operates the welding equipment, controls the electrode movement, and monitors the welding process to ensure proper fusion and weld quality.
