1. Fuse: Check the fuse box (usually under the hood or inside the car, often near the steering column) for a blown fuse related to the wipers. Your owner's manual will show you the fuse diagram and which fuse controls the wipers. It's possible one fuse covers both wipers, or they might have separate fuses.
2. Wiper Motor: The wiper motor itself could be faulty. This is less likely if the driver's side wiper still works, as they often share a motor. However, some systems have separate motors. This would require professional diagnosis or testing with a multimeter.
3. Wiper Linkage: The linkage connecting the motor to the wiper arm might be broken, dislodged, or seized. Inspect the linkage visually for any obvious damage or problems. A common point of failure is where the arm connects to the transmission.
4. Switch/Wiring: A problem with the wiper switch stalk itself or the wiring between the switch, fuse box, and motor is also a possibility. A faulty connection or damaged wire anywhere along the circuit can prevent the passenger side from working while the driver side still functions. This requires careful inspection of the wiring harness.
5. Relay: Some wiper systems use relays to control the motor. A bad relay can prevent the passenger side from operating. Again, your owner's manual or a wiring diagram will be helpful to identify and test the relay.
6. Multifunction Switch (likely if only passenger side is out): The multifunction switch (often located on the steering column) controls various functions including wipers and turn signals. A failure in this switch *specifically affecting only the passenger side* is possible but less likely than other options. Replacement is usually necessary if this is the cause.
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Start with the fuse. This is the easiest and cheapest check.
2. Visually inspect the linkage. Look for obvious damage or disconnections.
3. Check the wiring harness. Look for any broken, frayed, or disconnected wires.
4. If the above steps don't reveal a problem, you'll likely need a multimeter to test the motor, wiring, switch, and relay for continuity and power. This requires some electrical knowledge or professional assistance.
If you're not comfortable working with car electrical systems, take your Impala to a qualified mechanic. They'll have the tools and expertise to diagnose and repair the problem efficiently.
