1. Fuel System:
* Fuel Pump: Listen for the fuel pump whine when you turn the ignition key to the "on" position (but *not* cranking). If you don't hear it, the pump may be faulty or the fuel pump relay is bad. You can also check the fuel pressure at the fuel rail (requires a fuel pressure gauge). Low or no pressure indicates a problem in the fuel delivery system.
* Fuel Filter: A clogged fuel filter can restrict fuel flow. This is a relatively inexpensive and easy part to replace.
* Fuel Injectors: These could be clogged or faulty. Testing requires specialized tools or taking it to a mechanic.
* Fuel Delivery: Check the fuel lines for leaks or kinks that might be restricting fuel flow.
2. Ignition System:
* Spark Plugs and Wires: Check the spark plugs for fouling, corrosion, or damage. Inspect the spark plug wires for cracks, wear, or loose connections. Replace if necessary.
* Distributor Cap and Rotor: Inspect the distributor cap and rotor for cracks, corrosion, or worn contacts. Replace if needed.
* Ignition Coil: A faulty ignition coil won't produce the necessary high voltage to fire the spark plugs. Testing requires a multimeter or a coil tester.
* Cranking Sensor/Crankshaft Position Sensor (CKP): This sensor tells the ECU when to fire the spark. A faulty one prevents the ignition system from working.
* Ignition Switch: A faulty ignition switch may not be sending the correct signal to the ignition system.
3. Engine Control System (ECU):
* ECU itself: While less common, a faulty ECU can cause a no-start condition. This usually requires professional diagnosis.
* Sensors: Various sensors (like the air flow meter, temperature sensor, etc.) feed information to the ECU. A faulty sensor can cause the ECU to not send the correct signal to the fuel injectors or ignition system.
4. Other Potential Issues:
* Battery: A weak battery may crank the engine slowly, preventing it from starting. Test the battery voltage.
* Alternator: A faulty alternator may not be charging the battery.
* Starter Motor: Although you say it cranks, a weak starter might be only barely turning the engine over.
* Neutral Safety Switch (Automatic Transmission): This switch prevents the car from starting unless the gear selector is in Park or Neutral. Check the shifter linkage and the switch itself.
* Immobilizer System (if equipped): Some cars had early immobilizer systems which could prevent starting if the key isn't recognized.
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Check the basics: Battery voltage, fuel pump operation, spark at the plugs.
2. Visual inspection: Inspect all components for obvious signs of damage or corrosion.
3. Systematic testing: Use a multimeter to test the components listed above (fuel pressure, ignition coil, etc.).
4. Seek professional help: If you're not comfortable working with automotive electrical systems, it's best to take it to a mechanic specializing in older vehicles. A diagnostic scan tool (though finding one compatible with the CA20E might be difficult) could help pinpoint the problem.
Remember safety first! Disconnect the negative battery terminal before working on the electrical system. Working on fuel systems requires caution to avoid fire hazards.
