This guide provides a general overview. Specific steps and tools might vary slightly depending on your exact Escape model (e.g., 2WD vs. 4WD). Always consult a repair manual specific to your year and model for detailed instructions and torque specifications. A Haynes or Chilton manual is a good investment.
Tools You'll Likely Need:
* Jack and jack stands: Safety first! Securely support the vehicle.
* Wheel chocks: Prevent the vehicle from rolling.
* Lug wrench: To remove the wheel.
* Socket set and wrench set: Various sizes will be needed.
* Hammer: Possibly needed to break loose stubborn components.
* Pry bar: May be helpful for separating components.
* Penetrating oil (PB Blaster, etc.): To loosen rusted or seized bolts.
* CV axle puller: Highly recommended to remove the axle from the transmission or differential. Trying to force it out can cause damage.
* Torque wrench: Essential for tightening bolts to the correct specifications.
* New CV axle: Get a replacement axle that matches your vehicle's specifications.
* Safety glasses and gloves: Protect yourself.
General Steps (Consult your repair manual for specifics):
1. Safety First: Park on a level surface, engage the parking brake, and use wheel chocks. Raise the vehicle securely using a jack and support it with jack stands.
2. Remove the Wheel: Remove the lug nuts and take off the wheel.
3. Disconnect Brake Caliper: Remove the brake caliper and hang it safely out of the way using a wire or bungee cord. Do not let the brake line hang freely.
4. Disconnect ABS Sensor (if applicable): If your Escape has an ABS system, carefully disconnect the ABS sensor wire from the knuckle.
5. Disconnect the Ball Joint: You may need to separate the ball joint from the steering knuckle. This usually requires a ball joint separator tool.
6. Disconnect the Tie Rod End: Similar to the ball joint, you'll likely need a tie rod end separator.
7. Remove the Axle Nut: This is usually a large nut on the inner end of the axle. It's often very tight, so use a breaker bar and penetrating oil if necessary.
8. Remove the Axle: Use the CV axle puller to remove the axle from the transmission or differential. This is crucial to avoid damage. If you don't have a puller, you risk damaging the transmission or differential.
9. Install the New Axle: Carefully install the new axle, ensuring it seats correctly.
10. Reassemble: Reinstall the components in the reverse order of removal, paying close attention to proper alignment and torque specifications. This includes the axle nut, ball joint, tie rod end, brake caliper, ABS sensor, and wheel. Use a torque wrench to tighten everything to the correct specifications.
11. Lower the Vehicle: Carefully lower the vehicle from the jack stands.
12. Test Drive: Take a test drive to ensure everything is working correctly. Listen for any unusual noises.
Important Considerations:
* 4WD vs. 2WD: The process is slightly different for 4WD and 2WD models. 4WD systems have additional components to consider.
* Boot Integrity: If the CV boot is torn, it *must* be replaced, or you will ruin the new axle quickly. Grease will leak out, and contaminants will get in.
* Torque Specifications: Use a torque wrench and consult your repair manual for the correct torque values for all bolts and nuts. Over-tightening can damage components.
* Professional Help: If you're not comfortable with any of these steps, take your Escape to a professional mechanic. It's much safer and potentially cheaper than damaging parts.
This is a simplified overview. Refer to a repair manual specific to your 2002 Ford Escape for detailed instructions and diagrams. Remember, safety is paramount. Take your time, use the correct tools, and if you're unsure about anything, seek professional help.
