Tools you will likely need:
* Jack and jack stands (crucial for safety!)
* Wheel chocks
* Lug wrench
* Socket wrench set (metric)
* Brake caliper compression tool
* C-clamp or similar for caliper piston retraction
* Pliers
* Wire brush
* Brake cleaner
* New brake pads
* New brake rotors (highly recommended, especially if the old ones are worn or scored)
* Torque wrench
* Gloves
* Safety glasses
Steps (for front brakes; rear brakes are similar but may have different components):
1. Safety First: Park on a level surface, engage the parking brake, and chock the rear wheels. Jack up the front of the vehicle and securely support it on jack stands. Never work under a vehicle supported only by a jack.
2. Remove the Wheel: Remove the lug nuts and carefully take off the wheel.
3. Remove the Caliper: Locate the caliper bolts securing the caliper to the brake knuckle. Use the appropriate socket to carefully remove these bolts. Once removed, carefully support the caliper; it's still attached to the brake line. You might need to use some wire to hang the caliper out of the way to access the brake pads. Do not let the caliper hang by the brake line.
4. Remove the Brake Pads: The brake pads should now be accessible. You might need to carefully pry them out with a flathead screwdriver or similar tool. Take note of their orientation; some pads have wear sensors.
5. Clean and Inspect: Clean the caliper bracket and the brake rotor surfaces with a wire brush and brake cleaner. Inspect the brake rotor for scoring, wear, or damage. If the rotor is damaged, it needs to be replaced.
6. Compress the Caliper Piston: Using a caliper compression tool or C-clamp, carefully compress the caliper piston. This creates space for the new, thicker brake pads. Brake fluid will likely be expelled, so have rags handy and consider using a container to collect the fluid.
7. Install New Brake Pads: Install the new brake pads, ensuring they are properly seated in the caliper.
8. Install the Caliper: Carefully reinstall the caliper onto the brake knuckle, making sure the caliper bolts are tightened to the manufacturer's specified torque.
9. Reinstall the Wheel: Replace the wheel and tighten the lug nuts in a star pattern to ensure even pressure.
10. Lower the Vehicle: Carefully lower the vehicle to the ground.
11. Pump the Brakes: Before driving, pump the brake pedal several times to ensure the brakes are working properly.
12. Test Drive: Take a short test drive to ensure the brakes function correctly.
Important Considerations:
* Bleeding the Brakes: If you've worked on the brake lines or have a significant loss of brake fluid, you may need to bleed the brakes to remove any air bubbles. This is a crucial step to ensure proper brake function. This usually requires two people.
* Rear Brakes: The rear brakes might be drum brakes or disc brakes, and the process will differ. Consult a repair manual for your specific vehicle.
* Torque Specifications: Always consult your repair manual for the correct torque specifications for all bolts. Over-tightening can damage components, while under-tightening can lead to loosening and failure.
* Brake Fluid: Brake fluid is corrosive and can damage paint. Clean up any spills immediately.
Again, this is a general guide. This is a safety-critical repair. If you are unsure about any part of the process, consult a professional mechanic. Improper brake maintenance can lead to serious accidents.
