Can worn shocks cause a vibration in the front end of truck?

Yes, worn shocks (or struts, in the case of some trucks) can absolutely cause a vibration in the front end of a truck. Worn shocks don't effectively dampen the suspension's movement, allowing excessive bouncing and vibration to transfer to the chassis and ultimately, the cab. This is especially noticeable at certain speeds or over uneven surfaces. The vibration might feel like a general shake, or a more specific rhythmic thumping.