* Fuse: The most common and easiest to check first. Check your owner's manual to locate the fuse for the wipers and test it with a multimeter or by visually inspecting it for a blown element (broken filament).
* Wiper Motor: The motor itself could be failing. This is more likely if the wipers sometimes work intermittently or make unusual noises before failing completely. A failing motor might overheat while running, leading to it stopping.
* Wiper Switch: The switch on your steering column could be faulty. It could be making intermittent contact or completely failing while the car is in motion, perhaps due to vibration or wear.
* Wiring: A break or short in the wiring harness leading to the motor is possible. Wires can get brittle and break with age, especially in areas subject to flexing or movement. This is harder to diagnose and usually requires tracing the wires.
* Wiper Linkage: While less likely to cause a complete stop while driving, a problem with the linkage (the mechanism that connects the motor to the wiper arms) could cause the wipers to stop if something binds or breaks. This is more likely to result in inconsistent wiping or no wiping at all.
* Relay: The wiper system might use a relay to control the motor. A faulty relay can cause the wipers to stop working.
* Park Switch: A failed park switch can prevent the wipers from working, though this usually affects function all the time, not just while driving. It's worth checking the status of your park switch since it's related to the wipers' proper operation.
* Low Battery Voltage: While less common, a severely low battery voltage might not provide enough power to run the wiper motor, especially if other electrical systems are also demanding power.
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Check the Fuse: This is the absolute first step. It's the easiest and cheapest fix.
2. Inspect the Wiper Switch: See if it feels loose or if there's any obvious damage.
3. Listen for the Motor: When you turn the wipers on, can you hear the motor trying to engage? If not, the problem is likely with the power supply (fuse, relay, wiring) or the motor itself. If you *do* hear the motor but the wipers don't move, the problem is likely with the linkage or motor itself.
4. Check for Obvious Wiring Damage: Visually inspect the wiring harness leading to the motor for any visible breaks or damage. This is harder to do, and often requires some disassembly.
5. Consider Professional Help: If you can't identify the problem after these steps, taking your car to a mechanic is the best option. They have the tools and expertise to diagnose more complex electrical issues.
Remember safety first! Don't work on your car in dangerous conditions. If you are uncomfortable working on your car's electrical system, take it to a professional.
