This is a general overview; specific steps might vary slightly depending on the exact Civic model (DX, LX, Si, etc.). Always consult a repair manual specific to your 1991 Honda Civic model for detailed instructions and torque specifications. These specifications are critical for safety and proper operation.
Tools You'll Likely Need:
* Jack and jack stands: Essential for safely lifting the vehicle. Never work under a car supported only by a jack.
* Wheel chocks: To prevent the car from rolling.
* Lug wrench: To remove the wheels.
* Socket wrench set: Various sizes, including metric.
* Wrench set: Various sizes, including metric.
* Ball joint separator: To separate the ball joint from the steering knuckle.
* Pickle fork (use with caution!): Can be used to separate ball joints, but carries a risk of damaging the boot. A ball joint separator is preferable.
* Hammer: May be needed for separating parts.
* Penetrating oil (PB Blaster or similar): To loosen rusted or seized bolts.
* Torque wrench: Crucial for tightening bolts to the correct specifications.
* New axle: Ensure you get the correct replacement axle for your specific Civic model.
* Shop rags or paper towels: To keep things clean.
* Safety glasses and gloves: Always protect yourself.
General Steps (Consult your repair manual for precise details):
1. Safety First: Park on a level surface, engage the parking brake, and use wheel chocks. Raise the vehicle safely using a jack and secure it with jack stands.
2. Remove the Wheel: Remove the wheel on the side you're replacing the axle.
3. Disconnect the Brake Caliper: Remove the caliper bolts and carefully support the caliper using a wire or hanger to avoid stressing the brake line.
4. Disconnect the Sway Bar Link: Remove the sway bar link from the lower control arm.
5. Disconnect the ABS Sensor (if equipped): Carefully unplug the ABS sensor.
6. Remove the Axle Nut: Use a socket wrench to remove the large axle nut. This may require a breaker bar if it's seized.
7. Separate the Ball Joint: Use a ball joint separator or (carefully) a pickle fork to separate the ball joint from the steering knuckle.
8. Remove the Axle: With the ball joint separated, the axle should slide out of the hub and transmission. You may need to gently tap on it with a hammer.
9. Install the New Axle: Reverse the removal process to install the new axle. Ensure it's seated correctly in both the hub and transmission.
10. Reconnect Everything: Reinstall the ball joint, axle nut, sway bar link, brake caliper, and ABS sensor (if applicable). Tighten all bolts to the correct torque specifications as outlined in your repair manual.
11. Lower the Vehicle: Carefully lower the vehicle and re-install the wheel.
12. Torque Specifications: Double-check all torque specifications in your repair manual. Incorrect torque can lead to component failure and safety hazards.
13. Test Drive: After the repair, test drive the vehicle to ensure everything functions correctly.
Again, this is a simplified overview. A detailed repair manual specific to your 1991 Honda Civic is absolutely essential. Attempting this repair without the proper knowledge and tools could result in damage to your vehicle or personal injury. If you are not comfortable performing this repair, it's best to take your car to a qualified mechanic.
