1. Listen for the Fuel Pump:
* Key On, Engine Off (KOEO): Turn the ignition key to the "ON" position (don't start the engine). You should hear a brief hum from the fuel pump in the fuel tank. This typically lasts for a few seconds. If you don't hear it, the pump may be faulty, the inertia switch may be tripped, or there could be a problem in the wiring.
2. Check the Inertia Switch:
* This safety device is designed to cut power to the fuel pump in a collision. Locate the inertia switch (often under the dash or in the trunk – consult your owner's manual). It usually has a button that can be pressed to reset it. Push the button; if you hear the pump prime, the switch was the culprit.
3. Check the Fuel Pump Relay:
* The fuel pump relay controls the power to the pump. Locate the relay (usually in the under-hood fuse box; consult your owner's manual for its location). You can try swapping it with a known good relay of the same amperage rating (if you have one) to see if that resolves the issue.
4. Check Fuel Pressure:
* This is the most definitive test. You'll need a fuel pressure gauge and adapter that fits your car's fuel rail. Consult a repair manual for the correct specifications (pressure readings should be listed there for your engine). Disconnect the fuel line to the fuel rail, carefully attach the gauge, and then have someone crank the engine. The pressure should build to the specified level. Low pressure indicates a problem with the pump, filter, or regulator. Caution: Fuel is flammable; take proper precautions.
5. Check the Fuel Filter:
* A clogged fuel filter can restrict fuel flow and mimic fuel pump issues. Locate the fuel filter (usually near the fuel tank or along the fuel line). Inspect it for damage or excessive debris. If it appears clogged or damaged, replace it.
6. Inspect Wiring and Connectors:
* Check all wiring and connectors related to the fuel pump for damage, corrosion, or loose connections. Pay close attention to the connections at the fuel pump itself (this will require dropping the fuel tank, a more involved process).
7. Test the Fuel Pump (Advanced):
* If all else fails, you may need to test the fuel pump directly. This usually involves dropping the fuel tank (a significant job). You can measure the voltage at the fuel pump connector while someone cranks the engine to see if it's receiving power. You can also test the pump's resistance using a multimeter.
Important Considerations:
* Repair Manual: A repair manual specific to your 1987 Lincoln Town Car is invaluable. It will provide diagrams, specifications, and step-by-step instructions for all the procedures outlined above.
* Safety: Remember that working with fuel systems involves flammable materials. Take proper safety precautions.
* Professional Help: If you're not comfortable performing these diagnostics or repairs, it's best to take your vehicle to a qualified mechanic. Replacing the fuel pump is a more involved repair that requires specialized tools and knowledge.
By systematically checking these points, you can narrow down the source of your fuel pump problem. Remember to consult your owner's manual for specific locations of components and safety information relevant to your vehicle.
