What you'll need:
* New Clutch Fluid: DOT 3 or DOT 4 brake fluid. Never mix DOT 3 and DOT 4. Use only the type specified in your owner's manual (if you have it).
* Bleeding wrench/Tube: A small wrench that fits the bleeder valve on the slave cylinder (usually 8mm or 10mm). A clear hose that fits snugly over the bleeder valve is essential to see the fluid flow. The other end of the hose needs to go into a container filled with a few inches of fluid to prevent air from being sucked back in.
* Container: A jar or bottle to catch the old fluid.
* Shop Rags: To clean up spills.
* Helper: Absolutely crucial for this process.
* Jack and Jack Stands (Optional but Recommended): Easier access to the slave cylinder.
Steps:
1. Locate the Bleeder Valve: The bleeder valve is located on the slave cylinder, usually near the bell housing (where the engine and transmission meet). It's a small valve with a square or hex head. You might need a flashlight and a bit of searching. Consult a repair manual or online diagrams if you can't readily locate it.
2. Prepare the System: Open the hood and locate the master cylinder reservoir. Check the fluid level and top it off with fresh DOT 3 or DOT 4 fluid if needed.
3. Connect the Hose: Attach the clear hose to the bleeder valve. Submerge the other end of the hose in the container filled with a few inches of fluid. This prevents air from being sucked back in.
4. Have Your Helper Ready: Your helper will need to repeatedly pump the clutch pedal. This is the most important part. Instruct them to pump the pedal slowly and firmly, not rapidly.
5. Open the Bleeder Valve: Using the wrench, slowly open the bleeder valve about a half or quarter turn. You should see bubbles in the hose.
6. Pump and Bleed: Have your helper pump the clutch pedal several times. Then, *while they are holding the pedal down*, tighten the bleeder valve. This prevents air from entering the system when you release the pedal.
7. Repeat: Repeat steps 5 and 6 until the fluid running through the hose is clear and free of bubbles. You may need to have your helper pump the pedal 10-20 times or more. Keep an eye on the master cylinder reservoir and top it off as needed to prevent it from running dry.
8. Check Fluid Level: Once the fluid is clear, tighten the bleeder valve completely. Top off the master cylinder reservoir to the appropriate level.
9. Test the Clutch: Start the car and test the clutch pedal. It should feel firm and engage smoothly. If the pedal still feels spongy or the clutch slips, you may need to repeat the bleeding process or there might be a more serious issue.
Important Considerations:
* Air in the System: Air in the hydraulic clutch system will lead to a spongy clutch pedal and clutch slippage. This procedure is designed to remove that air.
* Brake Fluid is Corrosive: Brake fluid is corrosive, so clean up any spills immediately.
* Pressure Bleeding (Advanced): For stubborn air bubbles, a pressure bleeder kit can be used. This is a more advanced technique that uses pressure to force the fluid through the system.
* Repair Manual: A repair manual specific to your 1993 Ford Escort LX is highly recommended. It will provide detailed diagrams and instructions.
If you are uncomfortable performing this task, take your car to a qualified mechanic. Improper bleeding can damage your clutch system.
