Electrical Issues:
* Blown fuse: Check the fuse box (usually under the hood and/or inside the vehicle, consult your owner's manual for locations) for a blown fuse related to the wipers. The fuse rating should be printed on the fuse itself and in the diagram in the fuse box lid.
* Worn wiper motor: The motor itself could have failed due to age or wear. This is a common issue with older vehicles.
* Faulty wiper switch: The switch on the steering column might be broken or malfunctioning.
* Wiring problems: A break or short circuit in the wiring harness leading to the motor or switch could interrupt the power supply. This might be caused by corrosion, rodent damage, or simply age-related wear.
* Low battery voltage: A weak battery might not supply enough power to operate the wipers, especially if other electrical components are also drawing power.
* Intermittent wiper control module: Some models have a control module that might have failed. This is less likely but possible.
* Incorrectly connected wiring: Following a repair, wires might have been reconnected incorrectly, preventing operation.
Mechanical Issues:
* Worn wiper linkage: The linkage connecting the motor to the wiper arms could be broken, bent, or seized. This would prevent the arms from moving even if the motor is working.
* Seized wiper arms: The wiper arms themselves might be stuck due to corrosion or debris.
* Binding in the wiper mechanism: The mechanism within the wiper motor assembly may have seized.
* Broken wiper motor gears: Internal gears within the motor might have stripped.
Other Possibilities:
* Parked incorrectly: If the wipers are parked in an unusual position or can't park, the mechanism may be jammed.
* Incorrect wiper fluid: Thickened or frozen wiper fluid can jam the system.
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Check the fuse(s): This is the easiest and quickest step.
2. Check the wiper switch: Try the different settings (intermittent, low, high).
3. Inspect the linkage: Manually try to move the wiper arms. Look for any obvious signs of breakage or binding.
4. Listen for the motor: Turn on the wipers and listen carefully near the motor (located under the hood). If you hear a clicking sound but no movement, this may indicate a motor or gear problem. If you don't hear anything, suspect an electrical issue.
5. Test the motor directly (advanced): If you have some electrical knowledge, you might be able to test the motor with a multimeter to see if it is receiving power and functioning correctly. This is dangerous if you're not experienced with car electronics.
If you're not comfortable working on your car's electrical system, it's best to take it to a qualified mechanic for diagnosis and repair.
