Chrome is a thin layer of chromium that is applied to the surface of metal to protect it from corrosion. Oven cleaner can weaken the bond between the chrome and the metal, causing the chrome to flake or peel off. Additionally, the harsh chemicals in oven cleaner can discolour the chrome, leaving it dull and unsightly.
If your chrome rims are dirty, it's best to clean them with a mild detergent and water, or a chrome-specific cleaner. Be sure to rinse the rims thoroughly after cleaning to remove any residue. To protect the chrome, you can apply a coat of wax or sealant.