1. Load Distribution: Washers help distribute the load of a bolt or screw over a wider area, preventing the material from being damaged or deformed. This is particularly important in applications where the load is concentrated on a small area.
2. Vibration Dampening: Washers can absorb vibrations and dampen noise caused by the movement of bolts or screws. This is especially useful in machinery, vehicles, and other equipment that experience frequent vibrations.
3. Sealing: Washers can create a seal between the bolt or screw and the surrounding surface, preventing the leakage of fluids or gases. Rubber or plastic washers are commonly used for this purpose.
4. Insulation: Insulating washers are made of non-conductive materials and are used to prevent the flow of electric current between metal surfaces. This is important in electrical systems to avoid short circuits.
5. Spacing: Washers can be used to create a specified gap or distance between components, such as in the case of bearing assemblies. This helps in proper alignment and functioning of the system.
6. Locking: Certain types of washers, such as lock washers or spring washers, are designed to provide additional resistance against loosening or unintended movement of bolts or screws due to vibration or dynamic forces.
7. Alignment: Washers can be used to align components accurately during assembly, ensuring proper fit and function.
Washers come in various shapes (e.g., flat, split, toothed, cupped, etc.) and sizes, and are selected based on the specific requirements of the application and the type of bolt or screw being used.
