As the heating elements melt the condensation, it evaporates and is drawn away from the window by the vehicle's ventilation system. This process is typically aided by a fan that helps to circulate the air around the window.
Rear defoggers are usually controlled by a switch on the vehicle's dashboard. Some vehicles also have an automatic defogger feature that turns the defogger on and off as needed, based on the temperature and humidity in the vehicle.
Rear defoggers are an important safety feature that can help to improve visibility in cold or wet weather. They are a standard feature on most newer vehicles, but they can also be added as an aftermarket accessory to older vehicles.