Here's a breakdown:
* Automatic Transmission: Most automatic transmission 4WD vehicles can be towed on a flatbed tow truck. This is the safest method as it prevents any stress on the drivetrain. However, *some* automatic transmissions can be towed with the drive wheels off the ground, but only for short distances and at low speeds. Always check your owner's manual. It will specify the maximum towing distance and speed allowed if this is an option.
* Manual Transmission: Towing a 4WD with a manual transmission is significantly more complex and risky. Generally, it's not recommended to tow a manual transmission 4WD with the drive wheels on the ground. Doing so can damage the transmission, especially if the vehicle is in neutral. A flatbed tow truck is almost always the safest option. If your manual specifies alternative towing methods, meticulously follow those instructions.
* Transfer Case: The transfer case plays a critical role. Some transfer cases can be damaged if the vehicle is towed incorrectly. Your owner's manual will clearly indicate the proper procedure for towing with different transfer case positions (2WD, 4WD High, 4WD Low, Neutral).
Key Considerations:
* Owner's Manual: This is the single most important source of information. The manufacturer's specifications override any general advice.
* Flatbed Towing: This is generally the safest method for all 4WD vehicles, minimizing the risk of damage.
* Towing Distance: Even if your manual allows towing with the drive wheels on the ground, there are likely limitations on the distance.
* Towing Speed: There will likely be a maximum speed limit for towing.
* Wheel Lift: If your manual allows towing with wheels off the ground, the specified wheels must be lifted to avoid damaging the drivetrain.
In short: Always consult your vehicle's owner's manual before attempting to tow it. Ignoring the manufacturer's instructions can lead to expensive repairs. When in doubt, opt for flatbed towing.
