1. Battery Electric (BEV): These systems utilize a large battery pack, typically lithium-ion, to store energy. This is the primary energy storage method in most HEVs, powering the electric motor for propulsion.
2. Ultracapacitors (Supercapacitors): These devices, also known as electrochemical double-layer capacitors, store energy electrostatically, building up a charge on electrodes. They offer much faster charge and discharge rates than batteries, making them ideal for regenerative braking systems, capturing energy during deceleration and releasing it for acceleration.
3. Fuel Cells: While less common in mainstream HEVs, some advanced models incorporate fuel cells. Fuel cells use a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity. This technology is particularly attractive for extended range and potential for hydrogen refueling infrastructure development.
It's worth noting that some HEVs might combine multiple energy storage systems. For example, a hybrid could utilize a large battery pack for primary power and a supercapacitor for regenerative braking, leveraging the strengths of both.
