1. Linkage Components:
* Shift Linkage Cables (Most Likely): These are the most frequent cause of shifting problems in Cavaliers of that era. They can stretch, break, become misaligned, or have worn-out ends. Inspect the cables for fraying, kinks, or significant wear. Pay close attention to where they connect to the transmission and the shifter. A loose connection or bent cable housing can significantly affect shifting.
* Shift Linkage Rod(s): Some Cavaliers might have rods in addition to or instead of cables. Check for bending, looseness at connection points, or excessive play in the rods.
* Bushings and Mounts: The linkage uses bushings and mounts to reduce friction and provide stable movement. Worn-out bushings allow excessive play and sloppy shifting. These are often inexpensive and easy to replace.
* Shift Lever: The lever itself inside the car could be worn or bent. If you can feel excessive movement or play in the lever before it reaches the linkage, it might be the culprit.
2. Transmission Issues (Less Likely but Important):
While the symptoms suggest linkage, it's important to rule out transmission problems that *could* mimic linkage issues:
* Internal Transmission Problems: Severe wear within the transmission (e.g., worn synchronizers) can sometimes *feel* like a linkage problem. This is less likely if the car shifts *sometimes* correctly. If it's consistently difficult, internal transmission issues are more probable.
3. Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Visual Inspection: Carefully examine the entire linkage system under the car and in the interior. Look for any obvious damage, looseness, or misalignment. Use a flashlight to thoroughly inspect dark areas.
2. Check for Play: Move the shifter. Is there excessive play before you feel resistance? If so, it points to linkage wear or a loose connection. Inspect individual linkage components for excessive movement.
3. Wiggle Test (cables): While gently shifting, wiggle the cables near their connection points. If there’s excessive movement or the cables feel loose at any joint, tightening/replacement might be necessary.
4. Test Drive (carefully): After a visual inspection and any adjustments, carefully test drive the car. If the problem persists, it's unlikely to be a simple adjustment.
4. Repair or Replacement:
* Lubrication: Applying lubricant to the linkage (if appropriate) might temporarily improve shifting, but it's only a short-term fix if bushings or cables are worn.
* Cable/Linkage Replacement: This is the most likely repair if visual inspection shows wear or damage. Replacement cables and linkage parts are relatively inexpensive and readily available for a 1997 Cavalier. Replacing worn bushings is also a simple and often effective repair.
* Transmission Repair: If you suspect internal transmission problems, a professional mechanic will need to diagnose and repair the transmission – this can be a more expensive repair.
Recommendation: Unless you are experienced with automotive repair, it's best to take your Cavalier to a qualified mechanic for diagnosis and repair. Improperly adjusting the linkage can worsen the problem or even damage the transmission. A mechanic can quickly pinpoint the exact cause and recommend the best course of action.
