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What is the purpose of blend door actuator on a 1997 Chevy s10 truck?

The blend door actuator in a 1997 Chevy S10 (and most vehicles with automatic climate control) controls the mix of hot and cold air that comes out of your vents. It's a small motor that moves a "blend door" inside your HVAC system.

When you adjust the temperature control on your dashboard, the actuator receives a signal and moves the blend door to the appropriate position. If the blend door is fully open towards the hot side of the HVAC system, you get hot air. If it's fully open towards the cold side, you get cold air. Positions in between provide varying mixes of hot and cold to achieve your desired temperature.