Tools You'll Need:
* Brake fluid: Use the type specified in your owner's manual (DOT 3 or DOT 4 are common).
* Bleeding wrench: A wrench that fits your bleeder valves (usually 8mm or 10mm). A specialized bleeder wrench with a hook to hold the hose is helpful.
* Clear hose: About 2 feet long, to connect to the bleeder valve and a container to collect the fluid.
* Container: To catch the old brake fluid.
* Jack and jack stands: Essential for safety. Never work under a vehicle supported only by a jack.
* Wheel chocks: To prevent the van from rolling.
* Gloves: Brake fluid is corrosive.
* Rags or paper towels: For cleanup.
* Helper (recommended): One person to pump the brake pedal, the other to open and close the bleeder valve.
Procedure:
1. Safety First: Engage the parking brake firmly. Place wheel chocks in front of and behind the rear wheels. Jack up the van and securely support it on jack stands. Never work under a vehicle supported only by a jack.
2. Locate Bleeder Valves: These are usually located on the top of the brake calipers at the rear wheels.
3. Prepare for Bleeding: Open the brake fluid reservoir cap (usually located under the hood) to allow air to escape and prevent a vacuum from forming. Check the fluid level and top it off if necessary. Attach the clear hose to the bleeder valve and submerge the other end in your container.
4. Bleeding Process: Have your helper firmly press and hold the brake pedal down. Then, slowly open the bleeder valve with the wrench. You'll see old brake fluid and possibly air bubbles coming out through the hose. Close the bleeder valve before your helper releases the brake pedal. Repeat this process several times until only clean brake fluid (no bubbles) is coming out.
5. Repeat for Each Wheel: Repeat steps 3 and 4 for the other rear wheel. It's generally recommended to bleed the brakes in a specific order. While some prioritize the farthest wheel from the master cylinder, for rear brakes it's often recommended to do one rear wheel completely, then the other. Check your owner's manual for the specified order.
6. Check Fluid Level: After bleeding both rear wheels, check the brake fluid reservoir and top it off as needed.
7. Test the Brakes: Carefully lower the van. Pump the brake pedal several times to ensure it's firm. Test the brakes gently at low speed in a safe, open area. If the pedal feels spongy or soft, you might need to bleed the system again or there may be a more serious problem.
Important Considerations:
* ABS Systems: If your van has an Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), bleeding the brakes might be more complex and require specialized tools or a scan tool to activate the ABS pump. This is best left to a professional.
* Air in the Lines: If you continue to get air bubbles after multiple attempts, there might be a leak in the brake lines or a more significant problem requiring professional attention.
* Brake Fluid is Corrosive: Be careful not to spill brake fluid on painted surfaces or your skin. Clean up any spills immediately.
If you are not comfortable performing this task yourself, it's best to take your van to a qualified mechanic. Improperly bled brakes can be extremely dangerous.
