This is a moderately difficult task, requiring some mechanical aptitude and tools. If you're not comfortable working on your vehicle, it's best to take it to a mechanic.
Here's a general outline of the process:
1. Gather Tools and Materials:
* New serpentine belt: Make sure you have the correct belt for your vehicle. The belt's part number is usually printed on the old belt or can be found in your owner's manual or online parts catalog.
* Socket wrench set: You'll need various sizes to access the belt tensioner.
* Ratchet and extensions: To reach the tensioner in tight spaces.
* Wrench (possibly): Depending on the tensioner design, you may need a wrench to hold it in place.
* Gloves: To protect your hands.
* Jack and jack stands (highly recommended): Provides safer working conditions. Never work under a vehicle supported only by a jack.
* Wheel chocks: To secure the vehicle.
* Shop rags or paper towels: To clean up any spilled fluids.
* Possibly a pry bar or similar tool: In some cases, a small pry bar might be needed to assist in releasing belt tension.
2. Prepare the Vehicle:
* Park on a level surface: Engage the parking brake firmly.
* Use jack stands: Safely lift the front of the vehicle and secure it with jack stands.
* Locate the serpentine belt: It runs around the crankshaft pulley, alternator, power steering pump, water pump, and possibly other accessories.
3. Release Belt Tension:
* Identify the belt tensioner: This is usually a pulley with a mechanism to release tension on the belt. It may be spring-loaded, hydraulic, or require a specific tool.
* Loosen the tensioner: This is often done using a socket wrench on a bolt or nut attached to the tensioner. This will allow you to slightly move the tensioner pulley, creating slack in the belt. Your repair manual will tell you the exact procedure. Some systems require you to use a special tool to precisely release the tension.
* Remove the belt: Once there's enough slack, carefully slip the belt off the pulleys. Start with the loosest pulley.
4. Install the New Belt:
* Route the new belt: Carefully follow the path of the old belt, ensuring it goes over all the pulleys in the correct order. Again, consult your repair manual for the correct routing.
* Tighten the tensioner: Once the new belt is in place, carefully release the tensioner, letting it pull the belt taut.
* Check belt tension: The belt should have a slight amount of give, but not be overly loose or excessively tight. Refer to your repair manual for proper tension specifications.
5. Final Steps:
* Lower the vehicle: Carefully lower the vehicle from the jack stands.
* Start the engine: Check for any squealing noises, which could indicate incorrect belt routing or tension.
* Inspect for leaks: Check for any leaks from the pulleys or belts you worked on.
Important Safety Precautions:
* Never work under a vehicle supported only by a jack. Always use jack stands.
* Disconnect the negative battery terminal before starting any work to prevent electrical shorts.
* Wear safety glasses to protect your eyes from debris.
* Be cautious of hot surfaces: The engine and its components can be hot after running.
* Dispose of the old belt properly.
Remember, this is a general overview. The specific procedure will vary depending on your Dodge minivan's year and model. Always refer to your vehicle's repair manual for detailed instructions and diagrams specific to your vehicle. Improper installation can damage your engine's components. If you are unsure about any step, seek professional help.
