1. Fuses: Check the fuses in the fuse box (usually under the hood and/or inside the car, often near the steering column). Your owner's manual will show you which fuse(s) control the wipers. A blown fuse will need replacing with one of the same amperage.
2. Wiper Motor: The motor itself could have failed. This is a common cause of wiper failure and often requires replacement. You might hear a clicking sound from the motor if it's trying to engage but is failing.
3. Wiper Switch: The switch on the steering column that controls the wipers could be faulty. This is less common than a motor failure, but possible. A simple test is to try different wiper speeds and see if any function.
4. Wiper Linkage: The mechanical linkage that connects the motor to the wiper arms can become worn, broken, or seized. This will prevent the arms from moving, even if the motor is working. Look for any obvious damage or stiffness in this linkage.
5. Low Washer Fluid: While seemingly unrelated, some wiper systems have interlocks that prevent the wipers from operating if the washer fluid reservoir is empty (to avoid damaging the wiper blades by wiping a dry surface). Check your fluid level.
6. Electrical Connections: Check the electrical connections to the wiper motor and switch. Corrosion or loose connections can interrupt the circuit. Look for any signs of corrosion and clean them if necessary.
7. Relay: A relay might be faulty. This is an electromechanical switch that controls the power to the wiper motor. Relays can fail and prevent the wipers from working. You will likely need a wiring diagram to locate the relay.
8. Park Position: Sometimes the wipers might be stuck in the "park" position. Try manually moving the wiper arms to their resting position. If there is excessive resistance, you likely have a linkage problem.
9. Grounding Issues: A poor ground connection can interrupt the electrical signal to the wiper motor. Check for any corrosion or loose connections on the ground wires.
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Start with the simplest: Check the fuses first. This is the easiest and cheapest thing to check.
2. Listen for the motor: Can you hear any clicking or humming sound from the wiper motor when you activate the switch? If not, it might be the motor or a blown fuse/relay.
3. Check the linkage: Manually try to move the wiper arms. Is there resistance? Does anything appear broken or dislodged?
4. Inspect connections: Check all wiring and connections for corrosion or looseness.
5. If all else fails: Consult a repair manual specific to your 2001 Ford Escape, or take it to a mechanic for diagnosis and repair.
Remember to always disconnect the battery's negative terminal before working on any electrical components in your vehicle to avoid electrical shock.
