The engine's computer uses the coolant temperature sensor's readings and other inputs to infer if the coolant level is low. A low coolant level will eventually lead to overheating, which the temperature sensor will detect and trigger warning lights.
Therefore, there's no specific location to point to for a "coolant level sensor". If you're having issues with low coolant or warnings, checking the coolant level visually in the overflow reservoir is the best place to start. If the level is consistently low, you need to find the leak.