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A car slams on its brakes producing friction between the tires and road. Into which type of energy is mechanical converted?

Thermal energy.

Friction is a force that opposes the motion of two objects in contact. When a car slams on its brakes, the friction between the tires and the road converts the kinetic energy of the car into thermal energy. This thermal energy is dissipated in the form of heat, which can cause the tires and the road to become hot.