1. Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell:
PEM fuel cells are common in vehicles and portable power applications. They have a compact design and generate electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. The cell comprises multiple layers of thin membranes and electrodes. The hydrogen gas flows through the anode, while oxygen enters the cathode. The electrodes facilitate the reaction, producing water, heat, and electricity.
2. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC):
SOFCs operate at high temperatures and are suitable for stationary power generation and industrial applications. They consist of a stack of ceramic cells arranged in a cylindrical or planar configuration. The cells contain solid oxide electrolytes, anodes, and cathodes. Hydrogen is supplied to the anode, and oxygen is introduced to the cathode, producing electricity, water, and heat as a byproduct.
3. Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC):
AFCs are often used in space exploration due to their high efficiency and ability to work in extreme environments. They employ a liquid alkaline electrolyte, typically potassium hydroxide. Hydrogen and oxygen gases flow into separate compartments of the cell, and the reaction at the electrodes generates electricity and water.
4. Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC):
DMFCs use methanol as a source of hydrogen instead of hydrogen gas directly. Methanol is reformed inside the cell to produce hydrogen, which then reacts with oxygen to produce electricity. These fuel cells are often used in portable power applications, such as laptops and smartphones.
5. Portable Fuel Cell Stacks:
Fuel cell stacks can be packaged into portable units for various applications, such as powering electric vehicles, drones, or backup generators. These stacks typically consist of multiple individual fuel cells arranged in a series to provide higher voltage and power output.
It's important to note that the design and appearance of hydrogen fuel cells may vary depending on specific applications, manufacturers, and technological advancements.
