1. Electrolyte: Sulfuric acid is the primary component of the electrolyte solution used in lead-acid car batteries. The electrolyte enables the flow of ions (positively charged hydrogen ions and negatively charged sulfate ions) between the battery's positive and negative plates during charging and discharging cycles.
2. Chemical Reactions: During the battery's operation, sulfuric acid participates in chemical reactions that generate electrical energy. When the battery discharges (delivers power), sulfuric acid reacts with the lead plates, producing lead sulfate. Conversely, when the battery charges, the lead sulfate reconverts into lead and sulfuric acid.
3. Specific Gravity: The concentration or specific gravity of the sulfuric acid solution in a battery is crucial for its performance and longevity. It affects the battery's ability to hold a charge and its overall electrical capacity.
4. Battery Activation: New car batteries often come in a "dry-charged" state, meaning they do not contain the electrolyte. Before installation, they must go through an activation process where diluted sulfuric acid is added to the battery cells to complete the electrolyte solution and initiate chemical reactions.
5. Heat Generation: The chemical reactions involving sulfuric acid during charging and discharging generate some heat. This is why car batteries can become warm during operation.
It's important to handle sulfuric acid with caution as it is a highly corrosive substance. Regular maintenance and proper handling of car batteries are necessary to ensure their safe and effective functioning.
