Car oils are typically formulated for use in high-speed, high-temperature passenger vehicle engines, while ATV oils are made specifically for off-road vehicles. Car oils might have detergent and friction-reducing additives that aren't necessarily needed for an ATV engine.
ATV engines run at lower speeds, endure heavy load conditions, and often operate in dusty, muddy environments. ATV oil is designed with the necessary additives and characteristics to withstand these conditions, including extreme pressure additives and wet-clutch compatibility.
Using car oil in an ATV can lead to reduced performance, increased wear and tear on the engine components (including the wet clutch), and potential damage to the ATV over time. It's always best to use the recommended oil type and grade specified in your ATV's owner's manual to maintain its performance and reliability.