- The transmission system receives the rotating power from the engine's crankshaft.
- It then transmits this power to the wheels, allowing the vehicle to move.
- The transmission converts the engine's high-speed, low-torque output into lower-speed, higher-torque output, suitable for driving the wheels.
2. Gear Selection:
- The transmission provides different gear ratios, allowing the driver to select the appropriate gear for the desired speed and power requirements.
- Each gear has a different ratio of teeth between the driving and driven gears, which changes the output speed and torque.
- Lower gears (1st, 2nd, 3rd) provide higher torque but lower speeds, useful for starting, climbing hills, or towing. Higher gears (4th, 5th, 6th, etc.) provide lower torque but higher speeds, suitable for cruising and fuel efficiency on highways.
3. Reversing:
- The transmission also enables the vehicle to move in reverse. It contains a reverse gear that reverses the direction of rotation sent to the wheels. This is necessary for backing up or maneuvering the vehicle.
4. Clutch Engagement and Disengagement:
- In manual transmissions, the transmission system incorporates a clutch mechanism that allows for smooth engagement and disengagement of the engine's power to the wheels.
- When the clutch pedal is depressed, it disconnects the engine from the transmission, allowing for gear shifting without stalling the engine. Releasing the clutch pedal re-engages the power to the wheels.
5. Synchronization and Shifting:
- In manual transmissions, synchronization mechanisms help match the speeds of the rotating components within the transmission to enable smooth gear shifting.
- In automatic transmissions, various mechanisms, including planetary gearsets, hydraulics, and electronic controls, are employed to automatically select the appropriate gear based on vehicle speed, engine RPM, and other factors.
