Here are some key figures and their contributions:
* Nicolas Otto (1867): Created the first successful four-stroke internal combustion engine, which formed the basis for most modern engines. This was a significant step forward.
* Émile Lenoir (1860): Developed the first commercially successful internal combustion engine, though it was less efficient than Otto's later design.
* Rudolf Diesel (1892): Invented the diesel engine, which uses a different combustion process and is known for its efficiency and power.
* Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach (1883): Developed the first high-speed petrol engine, which was crucial for the development of the automobile.
It's important to understand that the internal combustion engine is a product of many minds and many years of development, and these are just a few of the pioneers involved. Each made significant contributions, building upon the work of others, leading to the engine as we know it today.