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During which stage of engine operation does the burning mixture air and fuel force piston downward?

The stage of engine operation where the burning mixture of air and fuel forces the piston downward is called combustion or power stroke.

Here's a breakdown of the four strokes in a four-stroke engine:

1. Intake Stroke: The piston moves downward, creating a vacuum that draws in a mixture of air and fuel.

2. Compression Stroke: The piston moves upward, compressing the air-fuel mixture.

3. Combustion (Power) Stroke: The spark plug ignites the compressed air-fuel mixture, causing a rapid expansion of hot gases. This force pushes the piston downward.

4. Exhaust Stroke: The piston moves upward, pushing the spent exhaust gases out of the cylinder.

The power stroke is the only stroke where the piston is driven by the combustion process. This is where the engine's power is produced.