Here's a general overview. Specific procedures may vary slightly depending on the exact Saturn model. Always consult a repair manual specific to your year and model for detailed instructions and diagrams. A Haynes or Chilton manual is a good investment.
Safety First:
* Block the wheels: Use wheel chocks securely on the wheels opposite the side you'll be working on.
* Disconnect the negative battery terminal: This prevents accidental electrical shorts.
* Wear safety glasses: Brake fluid is corrosive.
* Have plenty of clean rags: Brake fluid makes a mess.
* Have a helper: This job is easier with two people.
* Properly dispose of used brake fluid: It's hazardous waste.
Tools You'll Likely Need:
* Socket wrench set (metric)
* Wrenches (metric)
* Brake fluid collector (or a container and tubing to capture the fluid)
* New brake master cylinder (ensure it's the correct one for your vehicle)
* New brake fluid (DOT 3 or DOT 4, check your owner's manual)
* Pliers
* Screwdrivers (possibly Phillips and flathead)
* A clean container to hold the old fluid
* Shop rags or paper towels
Procedure (General Steps):
1. Bleed the Brakes: Before removing the old master cylinder, completely bleed the brakes to reduce the amount of fluid you need to handle. This is crucial; otherwise, you'll spill a lot of fluid. Refer to your repair manual for the correct bleeding procedure.
2. Remove the Master Cylinder:
* Disconnect the brake lines: Carefully disconnect the brake lines from the master cylinder. Have a helper plug the lines with clean rags or use line stoppers to prevent fluid loss.
* Disconnect the brake booster: This may involve removing bolts or unbolting a rod connecting the booster to the master cylinder.
* Remove the master cylinder: This usually involves removing bolts holding it to the booster.
3. Install the New Master Cylinder:
* Install the new master cylinder: Carefully position the new master cylinder in place and secure it with the bolts.
* Reconnect the brake lines: Reconnect the brake lines, ensuring they are tight. Don't overtighten.
* Reconnect the brake booster: Reconnect the brake booster rod.
4. Fill the Master Cylinder: Carefully fill the master cylinder reservoir with the correct type of brake fluid. Do not overfill.
5. Bleed the Brakes: This is the most critical step. Bleed all four wheels according to the procedure in your repair manual. This removes air bubbles introduced during the replacement process. Continue bleeding until the fluid runs clear and free of air bubbles.
6. Test the Brakes: After bleeding the brakes, carefully test them several times in a safe area. If the brakes feel spongy or weak, you likely have air in the system and need to bleed the brakes again.
7. Check for Leaks: Carefully check all connections for leaks.
Important Considerations:
* Vacuum Booster: Some models may require the removal of the brake booster, which is a more involved process.
* Proportioning Valve: Some vehicles have a proportioning valve that may need to be addressed during the process.
* Brake Lines: Inspect brake lines for damage while you have access. Replace if necessary.
Again, this is a general guide. Consult a repair manual specific to your 1995 Saturn model before attempting this repair. If you're not comfortable with this level of car repair, it's best to take your car to a professional mechanic. Improperly installed brakes can have fatal consequences.
