* No fuel pressure: This is the most direct indicator. You need a fuel pressure gauge to check this. If the pressure is low or zero, the fuel pump is a prime suspect.
* You hear the fuel pump prime: When you turn the key to the "on" position (but not all the way to start), you should briefly hear the fuel pump whir. If you don't hear it, the pump itself might be faulty, or the pump relay or fuse might be blown.
* Smell of fuel: If you smell fuel around the tank, it could mean the pump is leaking fuel, which is a common problem leading to pump failure.
* Intermittent starting: Does the car sometimes start and sometimes not? This points towards an intermittent fuel pump problem, rather than a completely dead pump.
Things to check *before* assuming it's the fuel pump:
* Battery: A weak battery can prevent the fuel pump from operating correctly. Check battery voltage.
* Fuses and Relays: Check the fuses and relays related to the fuel pump (consult your owner's manual). A blown fuse or bad relay is a much cheaper and easier fix than replacing the fuel pump.
* Ignition System: Problems with the ignition switch, ignition coil, distributor (if equipped), or spark plugs can prevent the engine from starting and may mask a fuel-related issue.
* Fuel Filter: A clogged fuel filter will restrict fuel flow, mimicking a weak pump.
* Inertia Switch: Some cars have an inertia switch that cuts off fuel flow after a collision. Check if this switch has tripped.
In short, a lack of fuel pressure is the only way to know for sure it's the fuel pump. Troubleshooting other potential causes first saves time and money. If you're not comfortable working on cars, taking it to a mechanic is the safest and often most cost-effective approach in the long run.
