* Wear and tear: Over time, the chain stretches and the sprockets wear down.
* Lack of maintenance: Insufficient lubrication can accelerate wear.
* External damage: A major impact to the engine could damage the chain.
The fact that you've had problems with timing chain breakage on your specific 2002 Saturn SL suggests a problem beyond typical wear and tear. This could be due to a manufacturing defect, a previous repair that wasn't done correctly, or other underlying issues. Replacing the chain isn't a preventative measure in this case.
Instead of focusing on mileage, you should:
1. Find the root cause of the previous failure: A mechanic needs to diagnose why the timing chain broke. Was it a faulty chain, worn sprockets, a faulty tensioner, or something else? Addressing the underlying problem is crucial to prevent future failures.
2. Thorough inspection: If you buy a 2002 Saturn SL, have a mechanic inspect the timing chain and related components *before* you purchase the vehicle. This is especially important given the previous failure.
Simply replacing the chain without fixing the underlying cause will likely lead to the same problem again. A good mechanic can assess the condition of the entire timing chain system and advise you on the best course of action. Don't just change the chain based on mileage; address the reason for the failure.