To find the 12 degrees BTDC mark, you'll need:
* A timing light: This is essential for accurately determining engine timing.
* The engine's specifications: Your owner's manual or a reputable repair manual for your specific year and model 440 will provide the correct timing specifications. This will tell you the *base* timing (often around 10-14 degrees BTDC at idle), which might be different from the 12 degrees you're looking for (which might be a target under specific load conditions).
* Access to the timing marks: These are usually located on the harmonic balancer (the pulley at the front of the engine) and the distributor housing.
How to find it (in general):
1. Consult your manual: Find the proper timing specification for your 440. This is your starting point.
2. Set the engine to top dead center (TDC) on the #1 cylinder: This usually involves turning the engine by hand until the timing marks on the balancer align. Your manual will specify how to correctly do this.
3. Connect the timing light: Clip the timing light to the #1 spark plug wire and point the light at the timing marks on the balancer.
4. Start the engine: The timing light will "freeze" the position of the balancer.
5. Adjust the distributor: If the timing mark isn't at the specified degrees BTDC, you'll need to carefully loosen the distributor hold-down clamp and rotate the distributor to adjust the timing. Use small increments, and re-check with the timing light after each adjustment.
Important Note: The 12 degrees BTDC might be the *initial* timing, or it could be an advanced timing setting for a specific operating condition (like higher RPM). Your repair manual is critical to determine the correct timing setting for your situation and to ensure you do not damage your engine. Incorrect timing can cause significant engine damage. If you are uncomfortable performing this task yourself, it is best to take your vehicle to a qualified mechanic.
