1. Potential Energy to Thermal Energy:
- Initially, the fuel (gasoline, diesel, etc.) stored in the fuel tank contains chemical potential energy.
- When the fuel is burned in the engine's combustion chambers, the chemical energy is released as thermal energy in the form of heat.
2. Thermal Energy to Mechanical Energy:
- The increased pressure and temperature from the burning fuel create expansion and movement of the pistons.
- This linear motion of the pistons is converted into rotary motion through the crankshaft, which is the main source of mechanical energy in the engine.
3. Electrical Energy for Ignition and Control:
- A car's electrical system provides the necessary electrical energy to power the spark plugs (in gasoline engines) or glow plugs (in diesel engines) for ignition.
- Additionally, various sensors, actuators, and electronic control systems in the engine require electrical energy to function, enabling efficient engine operation and management.
4. Mechanical Energy to Kinetic Energy:
- The rotary motion of the crankshaft is then used to drive the transmission and wheels of the car.
- Through a series of gear ratios in the transmission, the rotational speed and torque are adjusted, allowing the wheels to turn, and the car to move.
5. Frictional and Heat Energy Loss:
- Throughout these processes, some energy is lost due to friction between moving parts and heat dissipation through the engine cooling system.
- This energy loss accounts for a portion of the overall energy efficiency of the engine.
