1. Diesel: Diesel is a petroleum-based fuel that is commonly used in buses due to its high energy density and comparatively lower cost. Most buses, particularly those used for long-distance travel, are diesel-powered.
2. Gasoline: Gasoline is another petroleum-based fuel that can be used in some buses, especially smaller buses or those used for shorter distances. However, it is less efficient compared to diesel and may produce more emissions.
3. Natural Gas: Compressed natural gas (CNG) is a fossil fuel made from natural gas and can be used to power buses. It is considered a cleaner alternative to diesel as it produces fewer emissions. CNG buses are becoming more common, especially in cities and regions with access to natural gas infrastructure.
4. Hybrid: Hybrid buses combine an internal combustion engine (diesel or gasoline) with an electric motor and batteries. They use regenerative braking to capture and store energy when the bus brakes, which is then used to assist acceleration and reduce fuel consumption. Hybrid buses offer improved fuel efficiency and lower emissions compared to conventional diesel buses.
5. Electric: Electric buses are fully powered by electricity stored in onboard batteries. They produce zero tailpipe emissions, making them an environmentally friendly transportation option. Electric buses are becoming increasingly popular with the advancements in battery technology and the expansion of charging infrastructure.
6. Biodiesel: Biodiesel is a renewable fuel produced from plant oils or animal fats. It can be used in buses as a substitute for diesel or blended with diesel to reduce emissions. Biodiesel is biodegradable and has a lower environmental impact compared to petroleum-based fuels.
7. Hydrogen Fuel Cell: Hydrogen fuel cell buses use hydrogen as fuel and combine it with oxygen from the air in a fuel cell to generate electricity. The only emission produced is water vapor. Hydrogen-powered buses offer zero-emissions operation and have the potential to become a sustainable long-term solution, but the availability of hydrogen fuel infrastructure is still limited.
It's worth noting that the choice of fuel for a bus depends on various factors, including fuel costs, infrastructure availability, environmental regulations, and the operating requirements of the bus service.
