1. Engine Oils:
- Mineral Oils: These are conventional oils derived from petroleum. They are widely used in piston engines due to their ability to withstand high temperatures and pressures.
- Synthetic Oils: These are man-made oils engineered to provide superior performance and extended oil change intervals. They offer better resistance to oxidation, thermal breakdown, and viscosity changes, making them suitable for high-performance engines.
- Semi-Synthetic Oils: As the name suggests, these oils are a blend of mineral and synthetic oils. They combine the benefits of both types, providing improved performance and protection compared to conventional mineral oils.
2. Hydraulic Fluids:
- Petroleum-Based Fluids: These are mineral oils that are specifically formulated for hydraulic systems. They provide lubrication and power transmission, as well as protection against corrosion and wear.
- Synthetic Fluids: Synthetic hydraulic fluids are engineered to offer superior performance, including better low-temperature fluidity, higher thermal stability, and extended fluid life. They are commonly used in high-performance aircraft systems.
- Fire-Resistant Fluids: These specialized fluids are designed to be less flammable and have a high auto-ignition temperature, reducing the risk of fire in case of leaks or accidents.
3. Gear Lubricants:
- Mineral Oils: Mineral-based gear lubricants are commonly used in aircraft gearboxes and transmissions. They provide lubrication, reduce friction, and protect against wear.
- Synthetic Oils: Synthetic gear lubricants offer enhanced performance, reduced maintenance intervals, and improved low-temperature fluidity compared to mineral oils.
The type of oil used in an aircraft depends on factors such as the type of engine, hydraulic system, or gearbox, as well as the operating environment and performance requirements. Aircraft manufacturers and operators specify the appropriate oils and lubricants for each aircraft model, ensuring optimal performance, safety, and reliability.
