When using fuel with a lower octane rating than recommended by the manufacturer, the engine may experience knocking or pinging, which are abnormal sounds indicating combustion issues. These sounds occur because the lower-octane fuel ignites prematurely due to the higher pressure and temperature conditions in the engine.
While knocking or pinging can cause engine damage over time, it's unlikely for the check engine light to come on solely because of low-octane fuel. The check engine light is typically triggered by more severe issues that affect engine performance, emissions, or other critical systems in the vehicle.
If the check engine light comes on after filling up with low-octane fuel, it's recommended to have the vehicle diagnosed by a professional mechanic to determine the exact cause of the issue. Additional factors, such as sensor malfunctions or other mechanical problems, may also be contributing to the check engine light illumination.